: It is commonly "wine-processed" by steaming or stewing the fruit with wine until fully absorbed, which is believed to enhance its ability to nourish the liver and kidneys. 2. European Fruit Lecanium ( Parthenolecanium corni )
: The female scale is 3–12 mm long, often appearing as a brown, humpbacked shell on twigs. : It is commonly "wine-processed" by steaming or
is the dried ripe fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. It has been used in Asian herbal medicine for over 2,000 years to treat various ailments. often appearing as a brown