: Primarily clinical; pH monitoring if symptoms are refractory.
: The gold standard for direct visualization and biopsy. CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment Gastroenterology,...
Modern gastroenterology relies on a triad of clinical assessment, advanced imaging, and endoscopic evaluation. 1. Initial Assessment : Primarily clinical; pH monitoring if symptoms are
: Aggressive fluid resuscitation and identifying etiology (gallstones vs. alcohol). : Primarily clinical