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: It addresses critical engineering challenges, such as maintaining safe operation while preventing bacteria like Legionella in lower-temperature environments.

: A major focus is placed on the role of data science and real-time monitoring to optimize network operation and performance.

: Authors examine how reduced temperatures lead to higher production efficiency and improved thermal storage capacities.

The , edited by Roberto Garay-Martinez and Antonio Garrido-Marijuan, is a comprehensive academic and professional resource published by Springer Nature . It explores the transition toward more efficient, fourth-generation district heating systems that utilize lower supply temperatures to integrate renewable energy. Core Themes and Objectives