Bending moments cause internal stresses that vary linearly from the neutral axis.
σ=Eϵwhere E is Young′s Modulussigma equals cap E epsilon space where cap E is Young prime s Modulus Mechanics of Materials - Formulas and Problems:...
Torsion refers to the twisting of a structural member when loaded by couples (torques). Maximum at the outer surface ( Bending moments cause internal stresses that vary linearly
ϕ=TLGJphi equals the fraction with numerator cap T cap L and denominator cap G cap J end-fraction (Note: is the polar moment of inertia; for solid shafts). 3. Pure Bending The most basic concepts involve forces applied along
σmax=McIsigma sub m a x end-sub equals the fraction with numerator cap M c and denominator cap I end-fraction 4. Transverse Shear Internal shear forces ( ) result in shear stresses across the cross-section.
The most basic concepts involve forces applied along the longitudinal axis of a member. The internal force per unit area.
σ=−MyIsigma equals negative the fraction with numerator cap M y and denominator cap I end-fraction (Where is the distance from the neutral axis and is the moment of inertia). Occurs at the furthest fiber (