The disintegration of the early modern nation and the rise of radical nationalism.
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the "Wilno Question," and Soviet-era Vilnius. Ukraine The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine,...
The book traces how this inclusive identity was replaced in the 19th and 20th centuries by rival ethnic nationalisms , often leading to extreme violence and ethnic cleansing . The disintegration of the early modern nation and
Early modern Ukraine, massacres of Poles in Volhynia, and post-WWII ethnic cleansing . Poland the "Wilno Question
The creation of the multiethnic Commonwealth.
Post-1945 state interests, the 1989 transition, and entry into NATO and the EU .
Snyder argues that early modern nationhood in the Commonwealth was based on political citizenship and shared noble status , rather than language or ethnicity.